Cell wall - a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. This layer of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of it's support and structure. The cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant.
Cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
Vacuole - a large, membrane-bound space within a plant cell that is filled with fluid. Most plant cells have a single vacuole that takes uo much of the cell. It helps maintain the shape of the cell.
Nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
Nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced.
Chloroplast - an elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll. Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food) takes place in the chloroplast.
Mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, formind a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenisine triphosphate) for the cell.
Cytoplasm - the jelly like material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Amyloplast - an organelle in some plant cells that starch. Amyloplasts are found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits.
Centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnceted, membranous, infolded, and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm ( the ER is continuous with the outter nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transport material through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae ( which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm ( the ER is continuous with the outter nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transport materials through the cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from the rough ER, moving the newly-made protein and lipids to the Golgi body and membranesstroma.
Ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis.
Golgi Body - (also called the Golgi appratus or Golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that look like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bond vesicles for "Export" from the cell.
Cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
Vacuole - a large, membrane-bound space within a plant cell that is filled with fluid. Most plant cells have a single vacuole that takes uo much of the cell. It helps maintain the shape of the cell.
Nucleus - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
Nuclear membrane - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nucleolus - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced.
Chloroplast - an elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll. Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food) takes place in the chloroplast.
Mitochondrion - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, formind a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenisine triphosphate) for the cell.
Cytoplasm - the jelly like material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Amyloplast - an organelle in some plant cells that starch. Amyloplasts are found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits.
Centrosome - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnceted, membranous, infolded, and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm ( the ER is continuous with the outter nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transport material through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae ( which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane).
Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm ( the ER is continuous with the outter nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transport materials through the cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds off from the rough ER, moving the newly-made protein and lipids to the Golgi body and membranesstroma.
Ribosome - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis.
Golgi Body - (also called the Golgi appratus or Golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that look like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bond vesicles for "Export" from the cell.
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